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Introduction: during the global COVID-19 pandemic, non-invasive ventilation has become a widely utilized method for treating patients experiencing acute respiratory failure. Noninvasive pressure ventilation is frequently employed as a standard approach for managing acute respiratory failure resulting from COVID-19 pneumonia, as opposed to invasive ventilation methods. However, there is a lack of research on its effectiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk of mortality among COVID-19 patients receiving non-invasive ventilation. Methods: a multi-centric retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on the records of 402 patients at the Eka Kotebe COVID-19 Center, St. Peter COVID-19 Care Center, and Millennium COVID-19 Treatment Center. The systematic random selection technique was employed in order to select the study unit, and data was extracted from patient charts using a pretested method and validated before being entered into Epi-data Manager 4.6 versions. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed using binary logistic regression in SPSS 25. In the multivariate logistic regression, a predictor variable was considered to have a significant connection if its p-value was less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence level. Results: four hundred and two patient records were reviewed during the study period and showed the mean patient´s age was 62.6 years, with male predominance. It revealed that 11.7% [CI: 8.7-15.2] of COVID-19 patients who received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation died, as being critical for COVID-19 patients was a main cause of noninvasive initiation. Patients over the age of 60 were more likely to die among those who received noninvasive ventilation for COVID-19 [AOR = 5.4 95% CI 1.32, 23.1]. Conversely, patients without diabetes were less likely to die [AOR = 0.23 95% CI 0.11, 0.48]. Moreover, patients with a tidal volume greater than 500 ml were more likely to pass away [AOR =2.2 95% CI 1.11,4.43], as were those who were on non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for more than 8 days [AOR = 0.24 95% CI.08, 0.81]. Conclusion: the significance of patients who were given non-invasive ventilators ended up dying. Age, diabetes, and high tidal volumes are linked to a higher risk of death. Non-invasive ventilation for over eight days showed a protective effect. Removing factors that caused NIV and ventilated COVID-19 patients' deaths may reduce mortality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Asthma is a common cause of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We described and analyzed the therapies applied to children admitted to a tertiary PICU because of asthma. Later, we evaluated high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use in these patients and compared their evolution and complications with those who received non-invasive ventilation. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study (October 2017-October 2019). Collected data: epidemiological, clinical, respiratory support therapy needed, complementary tests, and PICU and hospital stay. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) only HFNC; (2) HFNC and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV); and (3) only NIMV. Results: Seventy-six patients were included (39 female). The median age was 2 years and 1 month. The median pulmonary score was 5. The median PICU stay was 3 days, and the hospital stay was 6 days. Children with HNFC only (56/76) had fewer PICU days (p = 0.025) and did not require NIMV (6/76). Children with HFNC had a higher oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio ratio (p = 0.025) and lower PCO2 (p = 0.032). In the group receiving both therapies (14/76), NIMV was used first in all cases. No epidemiologic or clinical differences were found among groups. Conclusion: HFNC was a safe approach that did not increase the number of PICU or hospital days. On admission, normal initial blood gases and the absence of high oxygen requirements were useful in selecting responders to HFNC. Further randomized and multicenter clinical trials are needed to verify these data.
Resumen Introducción: El asma es una causa frecuente de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). En este, cuadro el uso de cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) se ha visto extendido. En este trabajo se describe el tratamiento global en la UCIP ante el ingreso por asma en un hospital monográfico pediátrico y se evalúa la respuesta al uso de la CNAF, comparando la evolución de los pacientes con aquellos que recibieron ventilación no invasiva (VNI). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional prospectivo (de octubre del 2017 a octubre del 2019). Se describieron epidemiología, clínica, tratamiento y soporte respiratorio. Para la comparación se crearon tres grupos de pacientes: 1) solo CNAF; 2) CNAF y VNI; y 3) solo VNI. Resultados: Se incluyeron 76 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de dos años y un mes; la mediana de índice pulmonar fue 5. La mediana de ingreso en UCIP fue de tres días y de ingreso hospitalario, seis días. Los niños con solo CNAF (56/76) mostraron menos días de UCIP (p = 0.025) y no requirieron VNI (6/76). También mostraron mayor SatO2/FiO2 (saturación de oxígeno/fracción de oxígeno inspirado) (p = 0.025) y menor nivel de PCO2 (presión parcial de CO2) (p = 0.032). La VNI se utilizó primero siempre en el grupo que recibió ambas modalidades (14/76). No se encontraron diferencias epidemiológicas o clínicas entre grupos. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, el uso de CNAF no aumentó los días de ingreso en la UCIP ni de hospital. Tampoco requirió cambio a VNI. Al ingreso, una gasometría normal y bajo requerimiento de oxígeno permitieron seleccionar a los pacientes respondedores. Se necesitan más ensayos multicéntricos clínicos aleatorizados para verificar estos datos.
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Introducción: La ventilación no invasiva es un tratamiento efectivo en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar agudizada. Objetivo: Describir las características demográficas, clínicas, ventilatorias y hemogasométricas en pacientes tratados con ventilación no invasiva. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo de 234 pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica agudizada, ventilados de forma no invasiva en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora de Santiago de Cuba de enero de 2011 a septiembre de 2021. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo masculino, la neumonía extrahospitalaria y la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica; mientras que la edad media fue de 71 años y la ventilación no invasiva fracasó en 53,8 % de los afectados. Asimismo, la frecuencia respiratoria disminuyó de 34,3 a 23,5 respiraciones por minuto en la segunda hora y se observó, además, un incremento del pH, así como de la relación presión arterial de O2/fracción inspirada de O2 y saturación de oxígeno a la pulsioximetría/fracción inspiratoria de O2. La presión arterial de CO2 tuvo valores promedio de 61,8 mmHg al inicio y de 60,7 mmHg en la segunda hora. Conclusiones: Los valores basales de las variables clínicas, hemogasométricas y ventilatorias mejoraron luego del tratamiento con ventilación no invasiva. Entre los parámetros asociados al fracaso del tratamiento figuraron: frecuencia cardiaca, frecuencia respiratoria, presión arterial de CO2, escala de coma de Glasgow, pH y presencia de fugas; igualmente, la estadía prolongada, la ventilación por más de 48 horas y la mortalidad estuvieron relacionadas con dicho fracaso.
Introduction: The non invasive ventilation is an effective treatment in patients with acute lung disease. Objective: To describe the demographic, clinical, ventilatory and hemogasometric characteristics in patients treated with non invasive ventilation. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study of 234 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, non-invasive ventilated in the Intensive Cares Unit of Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical-Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out, from January, 2011 to September, 2021. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of male sex, non hospital acquired pneumonia and chronic heart failure; while the mean age was 71 years and non invasive ventilation failed in 53.8 % of those affected. Also, the respiratory rate decreased from 34.3 to 23.5 breaths per minute in the second hour and an increase in pH was also observed, as well as in the relationship arterial pressure of O2/inspired fraction of O2 and oxygen saturation to the pulsioximetry/inspiratory fraction of O2. The arterial pressure of CO2 had average values of 61.8 mmHg to the beginning and of 60.7 mmHg in the second hour. Conclusions: The basal values of clinical, hemogasometric and ventilatory variables improved after treatment with non invasive ventilation. Among the parameters associated with the treatment failure there were heart frequency, respiratory frequency, arterial pressure of CO2, coma Glasgow scale, pH and leaks; equally, the long stay, the ventilation for more than 48 hours and mortality were related to this failure.
Subject(s)
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Noninvasive Ventilation , Secondary Care , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with moderate typeⅡ respiratory failure, to clarify the feasibility of HFNC in the treatment of AECOPD, and to explore the influencing factors of HFNC failure.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial of non-inferiority. Patients with AECOPD with moderate type Ⅱ respiratory failure [arterial blood gas pH 7.25-7.35, partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide (PaCO 2)> 50 mmHg] admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from January 2018 to December 2021 were randomly assigned to the HFNC group and NIV group to receive respiratory support. The primary endpoint was the treatment failure rate. The secondary endpoints were blood gas analysis and vital signs at 1 h, 12 h, and 48 h, total duration of respiratory support, 28-day mortality, comfort score, ICU length of stay, and total length of stay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the failure factors of HFNC treatment. Results:Totally 228 patients were randomly divided into two groups, 108 patients in the HFNC group and 110 patients in the NIV group. The treatment failure rate was 29.6% in the HFNC group and 25.5% in the NIV group. The risk difference of failure rate between the two groups was 4.18% (95% CI: -8.27%~16.48%, P=0.490), which was lower than the non-inferiority value of 9%. The most common causes of failure in the HFNC group were carbon dioxide retention and aggravation of respiratory distress, and the most common causes of failure in the NIV group were treatment intolerance and aggravation of respiratory distress. Treatment intolerance in the HFNC group was significantly lower than that in the NIV group (-29.02%, 95% CI -49.52%~-7.49%; P=0.004). After 1 h of treatment, the pH in both groups increased significantly, PaCO 2 decreased significantly and the oxygenation index increased significantly compared with baseline (all P < 0.05). PaCO 2 in both groups decreased gradually at 1 h, 12 h and 48 h after treatment, and the pH gradually increased. The average number of daily airway care interventions and the incidence of nasal and facial lesions in the HFNC group were significantly lower than those in the NIV group ( P < 0.05), while the comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that in the NIV group ( P=0.021). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the total duration of respiratory support, dyspnea score, ICU length of stay, total length of stay and 28-day mortality (all P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score (≥15), family NIV, history of cerebrovascular accident, PaCO 2 (≥60 mmHg) and respiratory rate (≥32 times/min) at 1 h were independent predictors of HFNC failure. Conclusions:HFNC is not inferior to NIV in the treatment of AECOPD complicated with moderate type Ⅱ respiratory failure. HFNC is an ideal choice of respiratory support for patients with NIV intolerance, but clinical application should pay attention to the influencing factors of its treatment failure.
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El proceso deglutorio requiere de una adecuada coordinación entre respiración y deglución. En el contexto clínico, el uso de dispositivos ventilatorios no invasivos, como la cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) o la ventilación no invasiva (VNI), ha cobrado gran relevancia durante los últimos años. Sin embargo, existe escasa información respecto a la interferencia que estos dispositivos podrían ocasionar en la fisiología deglutoria. En este contexto, y con el objetivo de describir el impacto de la CNAF y la VNI en la fisiología deglutoria, se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs y Scielo. Se incorporaron estudios que incluyeran población ≥18 años, con uso de CNAF o VNI. Se excluyeron estudios en población con antecedentes de disfagia, necesidad de intubación, presencia de enfermedad neurológica, neuromuscular o respiratoria, entre otros. Los resultados de los estudios muestran que la CNAF podría disminuir el número de degluciones (en flujos ≥ 20 L/min; p<0,05),disminuir el tiempo medio de activación de la respuesta deglutoria proporcional al flujo empleado (p<0,05), incrementar el riesgo aspirativo en flujos altos (>40 L/min, p<0,05) e incrementar en promedio la duración del cierre del vestíbulo laríngeo (p<0,001). La VNI modo BiPAP, por su parte, podría aumentar el riesgo aspirativo debido al incremento en la tasa de inspiración post deglución (SW-I, p<0,01). Si bien la evidencia disponible es limitada, los resultados aportan información relevante a considerar en el abordaje de usuarios que utilicen estos dispositivos ventilatorios. Futuras investigaciones deberían ser desarrolladas para fortalecer la evidencia presentada.
Deglutition requires adequatecoordination between breathing and swallowing. In the clinical context, the use of non-invasive ventilatory devices such as high-flow nasal cannulas(HFNC) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become highlyrelevantin recent years. However, there is little information regarding howthese devices could interferewith the physiologyof deglutition. This study aimedto describe the impact of HFNC and NIV on swallowing physiology. To this end, aliterature review was carried out usingPubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs,and Scielo. Studies performed onpopulations≥18 years old where HFNC or NIV were used were included. Studies where thepopulation hada history of dysphagia, need for intubation, and presentedneurological, neuromuscular,or respiratory diseases, among others, were excluded. The results show that HFNC could decrease the swallowing rate(with flows≥ 20 L/min; p<.05), decrease the mean activation time of the swallowing reflex in proportion to the flow (p<.05), increase the risk of aspiration when usinghigherflows (>40 L/min, p<0.05),and increase the average duration of the laryngeal vestibuleclosure(p<.001).NIV, particularly BiPAP, could increase the risk of aspiration due to the higherrate of post-swallowing inspiration (SW-I, p<.01). Although the evidence available on this matter is limited, theseresults offerrelevant information that should beconsideredwhen working with patients who use these ventilatory devices. Furtherresearch should be carriedoutto strengthen the evidence that is provided in this study.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Deglutition/physiology , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Cannula , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/adverse effects , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Se realiza comentario de estudio de Israel en el cual analizan 75 pacientes pediátricos que utilizaron cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) en domicilio, evaluando la seguridad, las indicaciones, los parámetros de utilización, la duración del tratamiento, los resultados clínicos y la satisfacción de los padres. Se acompaña de una revisión de la literatura del tema.
A comment is made on a study conducted in Israel analyzing 75 pediatric patients who used high-flow nasal cannula at home, evaluating safety, indications, utilization parameters, treatment duration, clinical outcomes, and parental satisfaction. It is accompanied by a literature review on the topic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Cannula , Home Nursing , Lung Diseases/therapy , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Noninvasive Ventilation , Neuromuscular Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the application effect of self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover on the prevention of facial pressure injury in patients with non-invasive ventilation, and to explore the effective method of preventing facial pressure injury.Methods:A prospective study was conducted. Patients with mild to moderate respiratory failure and non-invasive ventilation admitted to the department of intensive care medicine of Harisen International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from March 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled, and they were divided into gauze pad group, foam dressing group and self-made anti-pressure ulcer cotton cover group by random number table method. Before wearing the ventilator mask, the gauze pad group and the foam auxiliary dressing group should fold or cut out the auxiliary dressing with the corresponding size and suitable for the patient's facial contour. In the self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover group, the ventilator cotton cover could be worn only by selecting the cotton cover suitable for the patient's face shape, aligning the vent to the mouth and nose, and tying the fixed belt behind the ear. The incidence of facial pressure sore, the time required to connect man-machine interface (from the preparation of auxiliary dressing for pressure sores to the connection of ventilator) and the cost of dressing were compared among the three groups.Results:A total of 150 patients with non-invasive ventilation were enrolled, with 50 patients in each group. Compared with the gauze pad group and the foam dressing group, the incidence of facial pressure sore in the self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover group was significantly reduced [6.0% (3/50) vs. 44.0% (22/50), 12.0% (6/50), both P < 0.05], and the time required to connect the man-machine interface was significantly shortened (minutes: 5.0±1.5 vs. 10.0±1.5, 8.0±2.0, both P < 0.05), dressing cost was significantly reduced (yuan: 30±10 vs. 150±20, 118±29, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the gauze pad and the foam dressing, the incidence of facial pressure sore in non-invasive ventilation patients with self-made anti-pressure sore cotton cover is lower, the time required to connect man-machine interface is shorter, and the cost of pressure sore prevention dressing is less, which is suitable for the prevention of facial pressure injury in non-invasive ventilation patients.
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Background:Tracheo?bronchomalacia (TBM) is the weakness in the structural integrity of the cartilaginous ring and arch. It may occur in isolation with prematurity or secondarily in association with various congenital anomalies. Bronchomalacia is more commonly associated with congenital heart diseases. The conventional treatment options include positive pressure ventilation with or without tracheostomy, surgical correction of external compression and airway stenting. Aim: To use “synchronized” nasal Dual positive airway pressure (DuoPAP), a non?invasive mode of ventilation as an alternative treatment option for bronchomalacia to avoid complications associated with conventional treatment modalities. Study Design: Prospective observational study conducted in Army Hospital Research and Referral from Jul 2019 to Dec 2020. Material and Methods: We diagnosed seven cases of TBM post?cardiac surgery at our institute, incidence of 4.2%. Four infants were diagnosed with left sided bronchomalacia, 2 were diagnosed with right sided bronchomalacia and one with tracheomalacia. Those infants were managed by “synchronized” nasal DuoPAP, a first in ventilation technology by Fabian Therapy Evolution ventilator (Acutronic, Switzerland). Results: All seven infants showed significant improvement with synchronized nasal DuoPAP both clinically as well as radiologically. None of the infant required tracheostomy and discharged to home successfully. Conclusion: The synchronized nasal DuoPAP is a low cost and effective treatment option for infants with TBM. It could be attributed to synchronization of the breaths leading to better tolerance and compliance in paediatric age group
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Resumen Introducción: La ventilación mecánica domiciliaria en insuficiencia respiratoria crónica, mejora calidad de vida y disminuye hospitalizaciones. Para conocer características clínicas, consumo de recursos y supervivencia, propusimos un análisis de la trayectoria vital durante seis años. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se obtuvo información de la historia clínica del programa de hospital de día. Se confeccionaron curvas de supervivencia tipo Kaplan Meier. Incluimos 100 pacientes, 57% hombres, edad 65 ± 13 años e índice de masa corporal de 29.1 ± 8.6 kg/m2. Treinta tenían enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), 23 esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, 18 síndrome obesidad hipoventilación, otras enfermedades neuromus culares (ENM) en 16 casos, disfunción diafragmática en 10 y restricción por caja torácica en 3 pacientes. Noventa y ocho recibieron ventilación no invasiva y en dos casos invasiva mediante traqueostomía. El 80% utilizó modo spontaneous-timed (S/T); 14.6%, spontaneous (S); 4% average volume-assured pressure support ventilation ("AVAPS") y 1.3% presión control. El cumplimiento en no invasiva fue: 7.8 ± 2.6 horas/día. Resultados: Luego del inicio de la ventilación domiciliaria se redujeron las hospitalizaciones (0.2, DS: 0.38 vs. 0.5 DS: 0.5, p < 0.001) y los días de internación por episodio (5.14, DS: 17.7 "vs." 10.45 DS: 16.69, p < 0.001). La supervivencia media fue de dos años con mejor pronóstico vital en EPOC (3 años de media) vs. enfermedad neuromuscular (< 2 años) p < 0.05. Conclusiones: los pacientes con ventilación mecánica domiciliaria mostraron reducción de los días de hospitalización luego de comenzado el soporte ventilatorio. Se observó mejor supervivencia en EPOC en relación a enfermedad neuromuscular.
Abstract Introduction: Home mechanical ventilation in chronic respiratory failure improves quality of life and decreases hospitalizations. In order to know clinical characteristics, resource consumption and survival, we pro posed an analysis of the vital trajectory during six years. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study. Information was obtained from the clinical history of the day hospital program. Kaplan Meier type survival curves were made. We included 100 patients, 57% men, age 65 ± 13 years and body mass index of 29.1 ± 8.6 kg/m2. Thirty had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 23 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 18 obesity hypoventilation syndrome, other neuromuscular diseases in 16 cases, diaphragmatic dysfunction in 10, and chest wall restriction in 3 patients. Ninety-eight received non-invasive ventilation and two invasive cases through tracheostomy. 80% used spontaneous-timed mode (S/T); 14.6%, spontaneous (S); 4% average volume-assured pressure support ventilation (AVAPS) and 1.3% control pressure. Non-invasive compliance was: 7.8 ± 2.6 hours/day. Results: After the start of home ventilation, hospitalizations were reduced (0.2, SD: 0.38 vs. 0.5 SD: 0.5, p < 0.001) and days of hospitalization per episode (5.14, SD: 17.7 vs. 10.45 SD: 16.69, p < 0.001). Median survival was two years with a better vital prognosis in COPD (3 years on average) vs. neuromuscular disease (< 2 years) p < 0.05. Conclusions: patients with home mechanical ventilation showed a reduction in the days of hospitalization after starting ventilation. Better survival was observed in COPD in relation to neuromuscular disease.
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Introducción: La monitorización del dióxido de carbono espirado se utiliza con frecuencia en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, pero su empleo en ventilación no invasiva es escaso. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre la presión arterial de dióxido de carbono y el dióxido de carbono espirado, durante la ventilación no invasiva, en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica agudizada. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo de 126 pacientes ingresados con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica agudizada, tratados con ventilación no invasiva en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero de 2019 hasta igual mes de 2022, seleccionados por muestreo intencional no probabilístico. Se analizaron variables clínicas, ventilatorias y hemogasométricas, de las cuales se identificaron los valores mínimo y máximo, así como la media, la desviación estándar y la mediana. Se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Los valores promedio de dióxido de carbono espirado fueron 57,83+8,9 y los de presión arterial de dióxido de carbono, de 59,85+9,3. Al analizar la correlación entre las variables se observó correlación positiva entre ambas, para un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson de 0,920. Conclusiones: La monitorización del dióxido de carbono espirado se erige como una variable a considerar en la monitorización de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica agudizada, tratados con ventilación no invasiva, siempre que se utilice la máscara facial adecuada y se controlen las fugas, con fuerte correlación con la presión arterial del dióxido de carbono.
Introduction: The monitoring of the carbon dioxide exhaled is frequently used in the intensive cares units, but its use in non invasive ventilation is scarce. Objective: To identify the association between the blood pressure of carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide exhaled, during non invasive ventilation, in patients with acute chronic obstructive lung disease. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study of 126 patients admitted with acute chronic obstructive lung disease was carried out, they were treated with non invasive ventilation, in the Intensive Cares Unit of Saturnino Lora Torres Teaching Provincial Clinical-Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2019 to the same month in 2022, selected by intentional non probabilistic sampling. Clinical, ventilatory and hemogasometric variables were analyzed, of which the minimum and maximum values were identified, as well as the mean, standard and medium deviation. The Pearson correlation coefficient was applied. Results: The average values of carbon dioxide exhaled were 57.83 ± 8.9 and those of arterial pressure of carbon dioxide, 59.85± 9.3. When analyzing the correlation among the variables, positive correlation was observed among both, for a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.920. Conclusions: The monitoring of carbon dioxide exhaled acts as a variable to consider in the monitoring of patients with acute chronic obstructive lung disease, treated with non invasive ventilation, whenever the appropriate face mask is used and the leaks are controlled, with strong correlation with the arterial pressure of the carbon dioxide.
Subject(s)
Capnography , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Noninvasive VentilationABSTRACT
Introducción: La ventilación mecánica no invasiva es una alternativa ventilatoria para los casos con COVID-19. Objetivo: Describir las características y la evolución de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva en los pacientes egresados en el Centro Provisional para pacientes moderados con COVID-19 en Figali, Panamá. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, longitudinal. Incluyó a todos los pacientes adultos egresados entre junio y julio del 2021 que recibieron ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Se utilizó un cuestionario cuya fuente primaria fue la historia clínica individual digital. Se emplearon técnicas de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De 217 ingresados con COVID-19 moderado, 78 (35,9 por ciento) necesitaron ventilación mecánica no invasiva, iniciada con media al noveno día de síntomas y segundo después del ingreso. De estos, el 62,8 por ciento eran obesos y el 29,5 por ciento hipertensos. En el 56,4 por ciento, la frecuencia respiratoria ≥30 y la disminución de la razón PaO2/FiO2 fueron los indicadores principales que decidieron el inicio de la VMNI. Del total de ventilados, el 62,8 por ciento tuvo un síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo moderado-grave y esto se relacionó con el fracaso de la ventilación. La ventilación fue exitosa en el 65,4 por ciento. La razón PaO2/FiO2 <150 (62,9 por ciento), la frecuencia respiratoria ≥30 (55,6 por cientpo y el agotamiento físico (51,85 por ciento), indicaron la falla de la ventilación. Conclusiones: La ventilación mecánica no invasiva es un proceder efectivo en pacientes con COVID-19 y distrés respiratorio moderado o severo; aunque su éxito se relaciona con las formas menos graves. La PaO2/FiO2 baja junto a la clínica, fueron indicadores clave para evaluar inicio, éxito o fracaso de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva; no así los valores de PaO2, PaCO2 y SpO2(AU)
Introduction: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is a ventilatory alternative for COVID-19 cases. Objective: To describe the characteristics and evolution of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in patients discharged from Provisional Center for moderate COVID-19 patients in Figali, Panama. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal stu was carried out in all adult patients discharged from June to July 2021 and who received non-invasive mechanical ventilation. A questionnaire was used using the digital individual medical record as primary source. Descriptive statistics techniques were used. Results: 35.9percent of the patients (78/217) who were admitted required non-invasive mechanical ventilation on the ninth day of symptoms and the second day after admission. 62.8percent (49/78) were obese and 29.5percent (23/78) hypertensive. The respiratory rate ≥30 and the decrease in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio decided the begining of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in 56.4percent (78/217) of those admitted. 62.8percent (49/78) had moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the severity was related to ventilation failure out of the total number of ventilated patients. Ventilation was successful in 65.4percent (51/78). PaO2/FiO2 <150 (62.9percent), respiratory rate ≥30 (55.6percent) and physical exhaustion (51.85percent) decided ventilation failure. Conclusions: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation is an effective procedure in COVID-19 patients and moderate or severe respiratory distress; although its success is related to the less severe forms. Low PaO2/FiO2, together with symptoms, were key indicators to assess the begining, success or failure of NIMV; not so the values of PaO2, PaCO2 and SpO2(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/diagnosis , Respiratory Insufficiency/complications , Noninvasive Ventilation/methods , COVID-19/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
Introducción: La experiencia clínica ha permitido la ventilación no invasiva fuera de unidades críticas. Describimos el perfil clínico y evolución de pacientes que recibieron ventilación no invasiva en sala general. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en pacientes con soporte ventilatorio du rante un año en un hospital general. Resultados: Se utilizó ventilación no invasiva en 43 pacientes, 67,4% con hipercap nia. La relación hombre/mujer fue 1:1. La edad y el IMC fueron 68,3 ± 12,4 años y 30,1 ± 12,3 kg/m2 y los diagnósticos principales, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, enfermedad neuromuscular y obesidad-hipoventilación. Un tercio inició la ventilación no invasiva en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, y dos tercios usaban ventilación no invasiva en domicilio antes del ingreso por exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (39,5%) o progresión de la enfermedad (14%). La estancia hospi talaria fue 12,1 ± 7 d (14 ± 9 en supervivientes y 5,7 ± 3 en pacientes fallecidos). La gasometría arterial al ingreso reveló PaCO2: 52,7 ± 13,7 mmHg; PaO2: 72,2 ± 16,2 mmHg y pH de 7,36 ± 0,08. Se halló pH < 7,35 en el 18,6% y PaCO2 > 45 en el 57,4%. La PaCO2 al alta fue menor (46,1 ± 4,6; p > 0,05). El modo ST se utilizó en 34 (79%) pacientes. El período de ventilación fue 12,7 ± 10,2 días con uso de 6,9 ± 3,1 h/d. Un tercio recibió cuidados paliativos (13,9% de mortalidad). Tres pacientes (7%) fueron transferidos a la unidad de cuidados intensivos por deterioro clínico y treinta y cinco egresaron con ventilación crónica (94,6%). Conclusiones: Hubo escasas transferencias a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue baja y los que fallecieron tenían instrucciones anticipadas.
Introduction: Clinical experience has allowed the use of non-invasive ventilation out side the acute-care setting. We describe the clinical profile and evolution of patients who received non-invasive ventilation in a regular ward. Materials and methods: Retrospective study in patients with ventilatory support for one year in a general hospital. Results: Non-invasive ventilation was delivered to 43 patients, 67.4% of which had hy percapnia. The male/female ratio was 1:1. Age and BMI (Body Mass Index) were 68.3 ± 12.4 years and 30.1 ± 12.3 kg/m2, and the main diagnoses were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease and obesity-hypoventilation. One third of patients began non-invasive ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit, and two thirds had been using non-invasive ventilation at their homes before being admitted with exacerba tion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (39.5%) or disease progression (14%). Hospital length of stay was 12.1 ± 7 d (14 ± 9 in survivors and 5.7 ± 3 in deceased patients). Arterial blood gas analysis on admission showed: PaCO2 (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide), 52.7 ± 13.7 mmHg; PaO2 (partial pressure of arterial oxygen), 72.2 ± 16.2 mmHg, and pH, 7.36 ± 0.08. A pH level < 7.35 was found in 18.6%, and PaCO2 > 45 in 57.4%. PaCO2 values upon discharge were lower (46.1 ± 4.6; p > 0.05). The ST (spontaneous-timed) mode was used in 34 patients (79%). The ventilation period was 12.7 ± 10.2 days, using 6.9 ± 3.1 h/d. One third of patients received palliative care (13.9% of mortality). Three patients (7%) were transferred to the Intensive Care Unit due to clinical decline, and thirty-five were discharged with chronic ventilation (94.6%). Conclusions: there were few referrals to the Intensive Care Unit. Hospital mortality was low, and patients who died had advance directives.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Insufficiency , MortalityABSTRACT
Resumen Desde la epidemia de poliomielitis de Copenhague en 1952, los cuidados intensivos no habían enfrentado un desafío tan importante desde el punto de vista médico y mediático como la pandemia por COVID-19, la cual ha tenido consecuencias devastadoras; una de ellas es el desborde en la capacidad de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos y, como resultado, la posibilidad de ofrecer ventilación mecánica ha sido insuficiente; además, las características avasallantes y rápidamente cambiantes de la información médica y no médica, al igual que la mortalidad relacionada a la enfermedad, han desarrollado una narrativa deletérea al tratamiento de estos pacientes con apoyo ventilatorio invasivo, lo que ha hecho resurgir viejas cuestiones sobre ésta como lesiones inducidas por ventilación mecánica invasiva. Todo esto ha promovido la revivificación del apoyo ventilatorio no invasivo como medida salvadora; sin embargo, como veremos en esta aproximación a la luz de la evidencia, es errónea y puede resultar deletérea no sólo para el paciente, sino también para el personal de salud que cuida de éstos.
Abstract Since the Copenhagen polio epidemic in 1952, intensive care has not faced as important a challenge from a medical and media point of view as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had devastating consequences, one of which is the overflow in the capacity of Intensive Care Units, and as a result of the capacity to offer mechanical ventilation has been insufficient, in addition to the overwhelming and rapidly changing characteristics of medical and non-medical information, also of disease-related mortality, has developed a deleterious narrative to the treatment of these patients with invasive ventilatory support and raising old questions about this as injuries induced by invasive mechanical ventilation. All this has promoted the rise of non-invasive ventilatory support as a saving lifes strategy, however, as we will see, this approach, in scope of the evidence, is erroneous and can be hazardous not only for the patient but also for health personnel who care for them.
Resumo Desde a epidemia de poliomielite em Copenhague em 1952, a terapia intensiva não enfrenta um desafio tão importante do ponto de vista médico e midiático como a pandemia de COVID-19, que teve consequências devastadoras, sendo uma delas o transbordamento da capacidade de terapia intensiva unidades, e com isso a possibilidade de oferta de ventilação mecânica tem sido insuficiente, além das características avassaladoras e em rápida mudança das informações médicas e não médicas, bem como a mortalidade relacionada à doença, desenvolveu uma narrativa deletéria ao tratamento da esses pacientes com suporte ventilatório invasivo e ressurgiu antigas questões sobre o mesmo, como as lesões induzidas pela ventilação mecânica invasiva. Tudo isso tem promovido o renascimento do suporte ventilatório não invasivo como medida de economia, porém, como veremos, essa abordagem, à luz das evidências, é errônea e pode ser deletéria não só para o paciente, mas também para o pessoal de saúde quem cuida deles.
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Resumen: Desde la epidemia de poliomielitis de Copenhague en 1952, los cuidados intensivos no habían enfrentado un desafío tan importante desde el punto de vista médico y mediático como la pandemia por COVID-19, la cual ha tenido consecuencias devastadoras; una de ellas es el desborde en la capacidad de las unidades de cuidados intensivos y como resultado la posibilidad de ofrecer ventilación mecánica ha sido insuficiente. Además, las características avasallantes y rápidamente cambiantes de la información médica y no médica, al igual que la mortalidad relacionada a la enfermedad, han desarrollado una narrativa deletérea al tratamiento de estos pacientes con apoyo ventilatorio invasivo y ha hecho resurgir antiguas interrogantes sobre las lesiones inducidas por ventilación mecánica invasiva. Todo esto ha promovido la revivificación del apoyo ventilatorio no invasivo como medida salvadora; sin embargo, como veremos esta aproximación es errónea a la luz de la evidencia y puede resultar deletérea no sólo para el paciente, sino para el personal de salud que cuida de éstos.
Abstract: Since the Copenhagen polio epidemic in 1952, intensive care has not faced as important a challenge from a medical and media point of view as the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had devastating consequences, one of which is the overflow in the capacity of intensive care units, and as a result of the capacity to offer mechanical ventilation has been insufficient, in addition to the overwhelming and rapidly changing characteristics of medical and non-medical information, also of disease-related mortality, has developed a deleterious narrative to the treatment of these patients with invasive ventilatory support and raising old questions about this as injuries induced by invasive mechanical ventilation. All this has promoted the rise of non-invasive ventilatory support as a saving lifes strategy, however, as we will see, this approach, in scope of the evidence, is erroneous and can be hazardous not only for the patient but also for health personnel who care for them.
Resumo: Desde a epidemia de poliomielite em Copenhague em 1952, a terapia intensiva não enfrenta um desafio tão importante do ponto de vista médico e midiático como a pandemia de COVID-19, que teve consequências devastadoras, sendo uma delas o transbordamento da capacidade das unidades de terapia intensiva, e como resultado a possibilidade de oferecer ventilação mecânica tem sido insuficiente. Além das características avassaladoras e a rápida mudança das informações médicas e não médicas, bem como a mortalidade relacionada à doença, desenvolveu-se uma narrativa deletéria ao tratamento da esses pacientes com suporte ventilatório invasivo e fez ressurgir antigas questões sobre o mesmo, como as lesões induzidas pela ventilação mecânica invasiva. Tudo isso tem promovido o renascimento do suporte ventilatório não invasivo como medida de salvadora, porém, como veremos, essa abordagem, à luz das evidências, é errônea e pode ser deletéria não só para o paciente, mas também para o pessoal de saúde quem cuida deles.
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@#The highly infectious COVID-19 pandemic has in a way or the other affected everyone. Health care workers particularly anaesthesists who deal with airway manipulation are at an increased risk of being infected. Invasive procedures such as intubation and extubation performed mostly by anaesthetists are classified as procedures with high risk of aerosol generating particles where respiratory droplets containing the virus can easily spread to the surroundings. Various methods of preoxygenation, intubation and extubation have been further discussed and improvised with the aim of reducing the spread of aerosolization and making intubation safe. The purpose of this review is to identify the new techniques that are safe and effective in reducing aerosolization of respiratory droplets during the process of intubation and extubation. Anaesthetists are often not familiar with these new techniques and protocols. Thus far, no scientific data has been made available to support the superiority of each technique. Further research is needed to investigate each technique in the future.
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Objective:To investigate risk factors for failure of non-invasive ventilation(NIV)in elderly patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure(AHRF).Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 100 elderly patients hospitalized for NIV treatment for AHRF at Beijing Hospital between August 2015 and August 2017.The patients were divided into an NIV failure group and an NIV success group according to patient treatment results.Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of NIV treatment failure in elderly patients with AHRF.Results:Of the 100 patients, there were 53 men(53.0%), with an age of(79.4±6.4)years, and 43(43.0%)failed with NIV treatment.Before NIV treatment, concurrent severe pneumonia( OR=5.109, 95% CI: 1.203-21.702, P=0.027), chest X-ray showing lesion infiltration≥3 quadrants( OR=5.903, 95% CI: 1.514-23.013, P=0.011)and a simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ(SAPS Ⅱ)≥34 points( OR=7.046, 95% CI: 2.164-22.944, P=0.001)were independent risk factors for failure of NIV treatment in elderly patients with AHRF. Conclusions:Elderly patients with AHRF face the risk of failure with NIV therapy.Before NIV treatment, concurrent severe pneumonia, chest X-ray showing lesion infiltration ≥3 quadrants and SAPS Ⅱ≥34 points are independent risk factors for failure of NIV treatment in elderly patients with AHRF.Evaluation before NIV therapy is important to prevent NIV treatment failure.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El edema agudo del pulmón es frecuente en urgencias y la ventilación no invasiva es una nueva modalidad de soporte ventilatorio que se utiliza en su tratamiento. Objetivo: Describir las variaciones de los parámetros clínicos, ventilatorios y hemogasométricos en pacientes con edema pulmonar cardiogénico tratados con ventilación no invasiva. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 54 pacientes con edema agudo de pulmón ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Emergentes del Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora, de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, en el período comprendido desde enero de 2019 hasta enero de 2020. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino con el 70,4% de los enfermos, y la edad promedio fue de 62 años. El 90,7% de los enfermos tuvieron éxito en la técnica aplicado. Luego de 1 hora de tratamiento existió una mejoría de todos los parámetros clínicos y hemogasométricos, excepto el bicarbonato de sodio. Se necesitaron valores mayores de PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) en los pacientes donde fracasó del tratamiento ventilatorio impuesto y la frecuencia de aplicación de la técnica fue mayor en los enfermos que tuvieron éxito. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con edema agudo del pulmón, tratados con ventilación no invasiva, evolucionaron de manera favorable con mejoría de los parámetros clínicos, ventilatorios y hemogasométricos.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute pulmonary edema is frequently treated in emergency departments and non-invasive ventilation is a new modality of ventilatory support used in its treatment. Objective: To describe the variations in clinical, ventilatory and hemogasometric parameters in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema treated with non-invasive ventilation. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 54 patients with acute pulmonary edema admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora, in the city of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2019 to January 2020. Results: Males (70.4% of patients) prevailed and mean age was 62 years old. The applied technique was successful in 90.7% of patients. After one hour of treatment there was an improvement in all clinical and hemogasometric parameters, except in sodium bicarbonate. Higher PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) values were required in patients where the technique failed and the frequency of the technique application was higher in patients where it was successful. Conclusions: Patients with acute pulmonary edema, treated with non-invasive ventilation, evolved favorably with improvement in clinical, ventilatory and hemogasometric parameters.
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Introducción: En la edad pediátrica hay factores predisponentes importantes que hacen a los niños ser más vulnerables a presentar insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA). Objetivo: Demostrar los beneficios del uso de la cánula nasal de alto flujo (CNAF) en pacientes menores de 5 años con IRA secundaria a enfermedades respiratorias y admitidos a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio analítico observacional de cohortes mixtas, donde una cohorte esta formada por un grupo expuesto a la CNAF evaluada de manera prospectiva, mientras se comparo con una cohorte histórica. Resultados: 138 pacientes fueron admitidos al estudio de los cuales 69 fueron casos manejados con CNAF y 69 fueron controles que no estuvieron expuestos al uso de la CNAF pero sí a otros modos de ventilación mecánica invasiva. Los días de oxigenoterapia fueron estadísticamente menores en el grupo de casos de 13 (DE 8.01) días a 22 (DE 20.7) días en el grupo control (P = <0.05). Al igual los días de UCIP y los días totales de hospitalización fueron menores en el grupo manejado con CNAF (P = 0.011 y P = 0.001, respectivamente), con una media de tiempo de 10 (DE 7.8) días en UCIP y 17 (DE 9.25) días intrahospitalarios para el grupo de casos versus 14 (DE 10.1) días en UCIP y 28 (DE 23.9) días intrahospitalarios para el grupo control. Conclusión: La CNAF es un método de soporte respiratorio no invasivo, efectivo y fácil de usar en la población pediátrica con IRA secundario a diversas patologías respiratorias.
Introduction: During pediatric ages there are important predisposing factors that make children more vulnerable to present acute respiratory failure (ARF). Objective: Determine the benefits of the use of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients younger than 5 years with ARF, secondary to respiratory diseases and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Subjects and Method: Analytical observational study of mixed type cohorts, where a cohort is formed by the group exposed to HFNC and evaluated prospectively, while it was compared with a historical cohort. Results: 138 patients were admitted to the study of which 69 were cases handled with HFNC and 69 were controls who were not exposed to the use of HFNC but to other types of invasive mechanical ventilation. Oxygen therapy days were statistically shorter in the case group from 13 (SD 8.01) days to 22 (SD 20.7) days in the control group (P = <0.05). The length of stay in PICU and the total inpatient days were lower in the group managed with HFNC (P = 0.011, P = 0.001), with a mean time of 10 (SD 7.8) days in PICU and 17 (SD 9.25) inpatient days for the case group versus 14 (SD 10.1) days in PICU and 28 (SD 23.9) inpatient days for the control group. Conclusion: HFNC system is a non-invasive respiratory support method, simple, effective and easy to use in the pediatric population less than 5 years of age with ARF due to various respiratory diseases.
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RESUMEN El asma es una enfermedad obstructiva en la que, las resistencias respiratorias se encuentran aumentadas. Los hechos responsables de este aumento de resistencias son el propio broncoespasmo, la inflamación y el remodelado de la vía aérea con reducción de su diámetro. Todavía falta mucho por conocer y estudiar, pero sabemos que la ventilación mecánica no invasiva, como nueva forma de soporte ventilatorio que ha venido tomando auge en las últimas décadas, tiene numerosos beneficios en la práctica médica. A pesar de que algunas investigaciones plantean la controversialidad del empleo de la ventilación no invasiva en el asma grave, queremos realizar con el presente trabajo un acercamiento a varios de los estudios que se han llevado a cabo donde justifican totalmente el empleo de la misma como una medida de éxito en el manejo del asma, con resultados positivos y exitosos. Donde ha probado mejorar la situación funcional y reducir las necesidades de ingreso hospitalario, aliviando el agotamiento muscular y de esta manera mejorando el trabajo respiratorio. Aún queda bastante camino por recorrer con esta variante de ventilación que ha surgido y tomado auge por todos los logros y expectativas que ha venido a cumplir (AU).
SUMMARY Asthma is an obstructive disease in which, respiratory resistances are increased. The factors responsible for this increase in resistance are bronchospasm, inflammation and remodeling of the airway with reduction of its diameter. Much remains to be known and studied, but we know that noninvasive ventilation (NIV), as a new form of ventilatory support that has been growing in recent decades, has numerous benefits in medical practice. Although some research raises the controversy about the use of NIV in severe asthma, we want to do with the present work an approach to several of the studies that have been carried out where they totally justify the use of it as a measure of success in managing asthma, with positive and successful results. Where he has tried to improve the functional situation and reduce the need for hospital admission, alleviating muscle exhaustion and thus improving breathing work. There is still enough way to go with this variant of ventilation that has emerged and taken shape for all the achievements and expectations it has come to fulfill (AU).